Source
Coarelli
Timeline
- 388 BCE: New building phase for substructure and retaining walls
- 189 BCE: New building phrase for substructure and retaining walls
- Under Domitian: A larger expansion of the area is undertaken
Physical evidence
- Walls made from Cappellaccio and from Oscura Tufa served as retaining walls.
- Remains of walls and foundations are all at 46-47m above sea level
- A wall surrounded the area
- A number of temples are cited as being in the area, but their exact position is unknown.
- So many statues were present that the area was completely full in the middle of the 2nd century BCE
Literary sources
- Gell. 2.10.2
- Liv. 6.4.12, 25.3.14, 38.28.3 (for dates on substructure and retaining walls)
- Non. p. 548 L
- Plin. gang. 52.3; nat. 36.24.104; paneg. 52.3
- Sidon. epist. 1.7.8
- Suet. Cal. 22.4, 34.1
- Tac. hist. 3.74.1-2, 4.53.4
- Vell. 2.1.2, 2.3.1, 2.3.2 (states there was a portico on the Capitoline)
- CIL VI 2065 1,18